What is Kaspa mining?
Kaspa is a proof-of-work coin that launched in November 2021 with no premine. Miners run machines that hash candidate blocks, and whoever finds a valid one gets the block reward in KAS. That part works like Bitcoin’s proof of work. Two things differ: the hash function and how often blocks come.
Definition · Kaspa mining
Running kHeavyHash hardware to produce blocks on the Kaspa BlockDAG, in exchange for newly issued KAS and transaction fees.
377 PH/s
Network hashrate
live · updated hourly
10
Blocks per second
target since May 2025
2.06 KAS
Reward per block
live
96.7%
Of max supply mined
live
How does Kaspa make 10 blocks a second?
In Bitcoin, two blocks found at the same moment compete, and one is orphaned. That’s fine when blocks are ten minutes apart and clashes are rare. At ten blocks a second they’d happen constantly, and most of the work would be wasted.
Kaspa keeps them all. Each new block points at every recent block it knows about, so the history is a directed acyclic graph (a BlockDAG) instead of a single chain. Flip between the two views:
Blocks kept: 11 of 11
The rule that orders the graph is GHOSTDAG, from the PHANTOM and GHOSTDAG paper. It sorts blocks that were well connected to everyone else (“blue”) ahead of blocks that look withheld or badly connected (“red”), which gives every node the same order. The Crescendo upgrade (KIP-14) moved Kaspa from one block a second to ten in May 2025 and retuned GHOSTDAG for the faster rate.
What is kHeavyHash?
kHeavyHash is Kaspa’s proof-of-work function. Per the Kaspa node’s source code, it wraps a matrix multiplication between two Keccak hashes, and the matrix is regenerated from each block:
- 1Block header + nonceThe miner’s candidate block, with a number it keeps changing.
- 2Keccak hashA SHA-3 family hash (cSHAKE256) turns it into 256 bits.
- 3× 64 × 64 matrixMultiplied by a grid of small numbers generated from the block itself.
- 4Keccak hash againThe result is hashed once more.
- 5Below the target?If so, the block is valid. If not, try the next nonce.
The miner’s job is the same as on any proof-of-work coin: try nonces until the result falls below the target. Because the steps differ from SHA-256, Kaspa needs its own hardware. A Bitcoin ASIC can’t switch over.
Can you still mine Kaspa with a GPU?
For its first year and a half, Kaspa was a graphics card coin. In 2023 IceRiver shipped the first kHeavyHash ASICs, and Bitmain followed with its KS series later that year. The hashrate chart shows what happened next:
Kaspa network hashrate, weekly
live · log scale
The network went from about 1 PH/s in mid-2023 to over 1 EH/s in late 2024, a thousandfold rise in about eighteen months. A GPU can still connect and mine, but its share of that network is tiny. Since its early-2025 peak the hashrate has come down a long way, which the same data shows.
Which Kaspa ASICs are there?
Here are Kaspa machines from Bitmain (the Antminer KS series) and IceRiver (its own KS range), with the makers’ own ratings, checked in September 2026. We don’t list prices, because they change weekly and we don’t sell hardware.
| Model | Hashrate | Power | Efficiency | Spec source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antminer KS7 | 40 TH/s | 3,080 W | 77 J/TH | Bitmain |
| IceRiver KS7 | 30 TH/s | 3,500 W | 117 J/TH | IceRiver |
| IceRiver KS7 Lite | 4.2 TH/s | 500 W | 119 J/TH | IceRiver |
| Antminer KS5 | 20 TH/s | 3,000 W | 150 J/TH | Bitmain |
| Antminer KS5 Pro | 21 TH/s | 3,150 W | 150 J/TH | Bitmain |
| IceRiver KS5M | 15 TH/s | 3,400 W | 227 J/TH | IceRiver |
| IceRiver KS0 Ultra | 400 GH/s | 100 W | 250 J/TH | IceRiver |
| IceRiver KS5L | 12 TH/s | 3,400 W | 283 J/TH | IceRiver |
| Antminer KS3 | 9.4 TH/s | 3,500 W | 372 J/TH | Bitmain |
| IceRiver KS3 | 8 TH/s | 3,200 W | 400 J/TH | IceRiver |
| IceRiver KS0 Pro | 200 GH/s | 100 W | 500 J/TH | IceRiver |
| IceRiver KS1 | 1 TH/s | 600 W | 600 J/TH | IceRiver |
Energy per terahash (lower is better)
The small units (green) run from a normal socket at 100 to 500 W. The big ones draw 3 to 3.5 kW, as much as a kettle left on all day, and are loud. The gap between generations is large: Bitmain’s KS7 needs about a fifth of the energy per terahash of its KS3.
What does it cost to run a Kaspa miner?
Power is the bill that never stops. A machine uses its rated watts around the clock:
What it mines depends on its share of the network. At today’s figures, 1 TH/s mines about 4.7 KAS a day, worth about $0.17. Divide that by the energy a machine uses and you get the power price where its output and its power bill are equal:
Power price where each machine’s output equals its power bill
Numbers like these move every day with the KAS price and the hashrate, so treat them as a snapshot, not a forecast. The same logic for Bitcoin machines is in what it costs to mine a bitcoin.
How many KAS are left to mine?
Most of it is already out. Kaspa’s reward doesn’t halve in one sudden cut like Bitcoin’s halving. It shrinks a little every month, so that it halves over a year. The community calls this the chromatic phase, after the twelve semitones of a musical octave.
New KAS per second, from the start of the chromatic phase
27.76B
KAS mined so far
live
28.7B
Max supply
KAS
96.7%
Already mined
live
1.94 KAS
Next reward per block
after the next monthly step
Bitcoin works the other way round: a fixed 21 million, cut in half every four years. See how many bitcoins are left for the comparison.
Should you mine Kaspa solo or in a pool?
Fast blocks change the maths. On Bitcoin a single machine can wait years for a block, which is why nearly everyone joins a mining pool. On Kaspa there are 864,000 blocks a day, so even a small machine finds blocks regularly.
| Machine | Solo block, on average, every |
|---|---|
| IceRiver KS0 Ultra | 26 hours |
| Antminer KS7 | 16 minutes |
Pools still smooth out the gaps and handle the node for you, and most miners use one. Solo means running your own Kaspa node. Either way, luck evens out far faster than it does on Bitcoin solo mining.
Frequently asked questions
Can you still mine Kaspa with a GPU?
Technically yes, but dedicated kHeavyHash ASICs have run the network since 2023, and the hashrate rose more than a thousandfold after they arrived. A graphics card is now a tiny share of that network.
What algorithm does Kaspa use?
kHeavyHash. It hashes the block header with a Keccak (SHA-3 family) hash, multiplies the result by a 64 by 64 matrix of small numbers generated from the block, and hashes again. Bitcoin ASICs can’t run it.
How fast are Kaspa blocks?
Kaspa targets 10 blocks per second since the Crescendo hard fork in May 2025. Before that it ran at one block per second. Bitcoin targets one block every 10 minutes.
What is a BlockDAG?
A ledger where each block can point to several earlier blocks instead of one. Blocks found at the same moment are all kept, and the GHOSTDAG rules put them in one order that every node agrees on.
Which Kaspa ASICs exist?
Bitmain sells the Antminer KS series (KS3, KS5, KS5 Pro, KS7) and IceRiver sells the KS range, from small 100 W units like the KS0 Ultra to 3.5 kW machines like the KS7. The table on this page lists each maker’s rated hashrate and power.
Is Kaspa mining profitable?
It depends on your power price, the machine, the KAS price and the network hashrate, and all of these change. The calculator at the top uses live network figures to show what a machine would mine against its power bill today. It isn’t a forecast and leaves out the machine’s price.
What is the maximum supply of Kaspa?
About 28.7 billion KAS. The reward falls a little every month and halves once a year, and most of the supply has already been mined.
Sources and further reading
- Kaspa: lore (fair launch, 10 blocks per second, GHOSTDAG) · kaspa.org
- KIP-14: the Crescendo hard fork, 1 to 10 blocks per second · Kaspa Improvement Proposals
- PHANTOM and GHOSTDAG: a scalable generalization of Nakamoto consensus · Sompolinsky, Wyborski and Zohar (IACR ePrint)
- kHeavyHash proof of work (consensus/pow) · rusty-kaspa, the Kaspa node
- Block subsidy by month (coinbase.rs) · rusty-kaspa, the Kaspa node
- Kaspa REST API: hashrate, block reward, supply, price · Kaspa REST API
- How to mine Kaspa with ASIC and GPU (April 2023) · 2Miners blog
- Block chain: difficulty and the two-week target · Bitcoin developer documentation
Live figures on this page come from the CloudMineCrypto API or from the public blockchain data services named next to them, refresh on a schedule, and are labelled where they appear. This guide is educational and not financial advice. CloudMineCrypto is not an investment product; rewards in the app are estimates and aren’t guaranteed.
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